Lecture Notes: Otoconial Disorders

I. Otoconial Mass Composition and Degeneration

  • Otoconial masses are made of otoconins, proteins produced before birth.
  • The supporting structure includes a gooey substance that deteriorates with age.

II. Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV)

  • A chunk of the otoconial mass can break off and lodge in the lower part of the vestibular system.
  • This triggers vertigo (sensation of spinning) when the head moves in a certain position.
  • BPPV is a common condition but can be treated with maneuvers to dislodge the otoconia.

III. Presbyequilibrium

  • The gooey substance weakens with age, causing the otoconial mass to lose density.
  • A less dense otoconial mass is a poor gravity sensor.
  • This age-related decline in equilibrium function is similar to presbycusis (hearing loss) and presbyopia (loss of near vision).
  • Presbyequilibrium can lead to balance problems in older adults.

IV. Next Steps